Most mix-ups happen when two words sit next to each other. These are the 6 pairs
worth practicing apart. The 4 marked most confused are the ones the course
itself flags, or that sit closest together.
Cover the right-hand column with your hand, read the left definition, and say which term it
is out loud before you look. Then swap sides.
most confused
latitude
North-south. Measurable in the 1500s.
vs
longitude
East-west. Needed a sea clock they did not have until 1773.
How to tellSame pair in 1.3.1, 1.3.2, and 1.3.4. Highest-yield mix-up in this quiz.
most confused
bias
A lean. Unavoidable on a map. Not always harmful.
vs
validity
Does the map do the job it was made for?
How to tellA biased map can be valid. The Surrealist map leans and is still valid for its purpose.
most confused
GIS
Computer system for facts that have a location.
vs
GPS
A locator. One possible GIS input.
How to tellDo not swap the letters.
most confused
Mercator 1569
Cylindrical. Poles stretch.
vs
Robinson 1963
Compromise oval.
How to tellHistory date plus projection family.
primary source
Firsthand log or letter.
vs
secondary source
The Mapmakers essay.
How to tell1.3.4. You read an interpretation, not a captain's diary.
map (land)
Land surfaces.
vs
chart (sea)
Sea coasts.
How to tellOpening split in the 16th-century essay.
If you only remember one thingDemography is the study; demographics are the data. Population is how
many; density is how packed. Deviance is society rejecting you; a
counterculture is a group rejecting society. Culture shock is the feeling;
acculturation is the adjusting.
